Review of user‐friendly models to improve the urban micro‐climate

Abstract

Various micro‐scale models for comparing alternative design concepts have been developed in recent decades. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of current user‐friendly micro‐climate models. In the results, a vast majority of models identified were excluded from the review because the models were not micro‐scale, lacking a user‐interface, or were not available. In total, eight models met the seven‐point inclusion criteria. These models were ADMS Temperature and Humidity model, advanced SkyHelios model, ANSYS FLUENT, ENVI‐met, RayMan, SOL‐ WEIG, TownScope, and UMEP. These models differ in their complexity and their widespread use in the scientific community, ranging from very few to thousands of citations. Most of these models simulate air temperature, global radiation, and mean radiant temperature, which helps to evaluate outdoor thermal comfort in cities. All of these models offer a linkage to CAD or GIS software and user support systems at various levels, which facilitates a smooth integration to planning and de-sign. We detected that all models have been evaluated against observations. A wider model com-parison, however, has only been performed for fewer models. With this review, we aim to support the finding of a reliable tool, which is fit for the specific purpose.