Evolution of 6G Era: A Brief Survey of Massive MIMO, mm Wave, NOMA-based 5G and 6G Communication Protocols, Role of Deep Learning and Inherent Challenges

Abstract

People will be able to use the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication network in the upcoming years. With 5G technologies, anyone can have connectivity to other people all the time. Vehicle-to-vehicle networks Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, high-speed train networks, and millimetre wave communications are some techniques that have been explored for 5G systems. Each of these innovations establishes new propagation characteristics and specifications for 5G channel modelling. Accurate and effective channel models that span diverse 5G technologies and situations are urgently required, as they are essential for system design and performance evaluation. This paper thoroughly assesses the currently used 5G communication techniques, including mmWave, NOMA, and Massive MIMO. Also, this paper gives an overview of 6G communication specifications and studies the challenges of 6G technologies. Moreover, this paper provides a conclusion and future research directions for mobile technologies.