Magnetic sepiolite/iron(III) oxide composite for the adsorption of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions

Abstract

Clay minerals are effective adsorbents used for the remediation of toxic heavy metals from wastewater due to their large surface areas and great cation-exchange capacities. In this study, the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions via adsorption was investigated using raw and iron-modified Turkish sepiolite. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of modification and environmental conditions on the sorptive properties of sepiolite samples. Initially, the raw sepiolite (Sep) and magnetic sepiolite/Fe 2 O 3 composite (MagSep) prepared using the co-precipitation method were characterized via mineralogical and petrographical means and the physicochemical properties were determined. Then, the batch adsorption of lead (Pb 2+ ) ions on the sepiolite samples was examined under various conditions (solution pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial Pb 2+ ion concentration, temperature, shaking rate). The adsorption capacity of MagSep was found to be greater than that of Sep under all experimental conditions. The results showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the Langmuir isotherm best correlated with the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 60.6 and 90.1 mg g –1 for Sep and MagSep, respectively. The characterization of the Pb-adsorbed sepiolite samples showed that lead formed covalent bonds with the sepiolite samples and attached to the sepiolite surface mainly through ion exchange. MagSep can be used efficiently in the field of wastewater treatment for the removal of Pb 2+ ions as it does not release any toxic pollutants and can be separated easily with the use of a magnetic field.