Calcium and phosphate impact cardiovascular risk

Abstract

Non-traditional risk factors substantially contribute to cardiovascular (CV) disease. A deranged calcium-phosphate metabolism-first identified as a major non-traditional CV risk factor in patients with chronic kidney disease-may be implicated in development and progression of CV disease even among individuals with intact renal function. This review thus summarizes epidemiological and experimental data on the role of calcium, phosphate, and its major regulating hormones-parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, and fibroblast growth factor 23-in CV medicine. © 2013 The Author.