Papuamine inhibits viability of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction

Abstract

Background/Aim: Despite the Warburg effect, mitochondria play an essential role in the survival and maintenance of cancer cells. Thus, mitochondria have been considered a target for anticancer agents. Here, we identified a mitochondria-targeting anticancer agent from natural products. Materials and Methods: Morphological and functional changes in mitochondria were determined by a fluorescence-based High Content Imaging System. Using human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (H1299, H226B, and A549), cell viability and colony formation assays, cell cycle analysis, and immunoblotting were performed to determine cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects of papuamine. Results: Using a natural product chemical library, we identified papuamine as an active compound to inhibit viability and ATP production of NSCLC cells. Papuamine depleted intracellular ATP by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mitochondrial superoxide generation. Papuamine significantly inhibited viability and colony formation of NSCLC cells by inducing apoptosis. Conclusion: Papuamine has a potential as a novel mitochondria-targeting anticancer agent.