The Phytosociology of Tree Communities on Two Mounts in Bedugul Highland Tropical Forest, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

The forested regions within the Bedugul highland are among the last remaining tropical mountain rainforests in Bali. However, recent development in Bedugul indicates a surge in mass tourism, posing a threat to its diverse plant life due to increased land-use changes and overpopulation. This research aimed to assess the composition and diversity of tree communities within the Bedugul highland forest, focusing on Mt. Pohen and Mt. Tapak. While Mt. Pohen has a history of disturbances, such as establishing a geothermal power plant and forest fires, Mt. Tapak experiences less disruption. The methods included species identification, diversity index calculation, species composition and abundance assessment, and similarity analysis between permanent sample plots (PSPs) from both mounts. The results reveal a clear distinction in tree species composition and abundance between the two PSPs, with certain species unique to either Mt. Pohen or Mt. Tapak. Euphorbiaceae, a pioneer plant family known for its adaptability to disturbed habitats, dominates both mounts. Crypteronia paniculata and Acronychia trifoliata are the most abundant species on Mt. Pohen, while Dendrochnide stimulans dominate on Mt. Tapak. These findings highlight the influence of past disturbances on species composition and the resilience of pioneer species. This research underscores the importance of conserving the Bedugul highland tropical forest by addressing threats such as habitat fragmentation and land-use changes, ensuring the long-term preservation of its unique biodiversity and ecological functions.