Recent Strategies for Enhancing the Solubility and Dissolution of Poorly Water-Soluble Curcumin for Therapeutic Purposes and Beyond

Abstract

Curcumin, a natural compound with significant therapeutic potential, has been the subject of extensive research due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, its clinical application has been hindered by poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability, presenting significant challenges for effective drug delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent strategies aimed at improving the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble curcumin. Key approaches discussed include conventional solubilization methods, such as particle size reduction, solid dispersions, co-crystals, complexation, and deep eutectic solvents, alongside more advanced delivery systems, including nanoparticles and bioconjugates. Each approach is critically evaluated in terms of its solubilizing mechanism, advantages, limitations, and applicability to large-scale production. The review also addresses challenges and future directions that offer promises for overcoming existing barriers, paving the way for the development of efficient, biocompatible, and sustainable curcumin-based therapeutics.