Robust Cascaded Controller for Load Frequency Control in Renewable Energy Integrated Microgrid Containing PEV

Abstract

The micro-grids (MGs) are widely incorporated in electrical systems for several economic, environmental, and technical benefits. The MGs suffer from high frequency oscillation in island mode due to scholastic nature of the load, renewable energy resources and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). This paper presents a cascade proportional derivative-proportional integral (PD-PI) controller tuned with a novel optimizer, named, gorilla troops optimization (GTO) algorithm for load frequency control of an isolated MG. The studied MG includes wind turbine generator (WTG), photovoltaic (PV) diesel engine generators (DEG), Fuel cell and PEV. Different scenarios are presented in this study to verify the robustness and sensitivity of the proposed PD-PI controller including different step load fluctuations, the wind speed and the solar irradiance variations. The results obtained by the PD-PI controller are compared with performance of the conventional a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) and PI controllers for mitigating the oscillation of the frequency in MG containing a PEV model. The simulation results depict the effectiveness of the proposed PD-PI controller in different scenarios.