Faktor yang memengaruhi resiliensi perawat di rumah sakit: A scoping review

Abstract

Background: Nurses are healthcare workers who are at high risk of experiencing work-related stress due to clinical demands, workload, and continuous emotional pressure. Resilience is an important psychological capacity that enables nurses to adapt and maintain their performance and well-being. Although various studies have examined nurse resilience, findings on the factors that influence it are still diverse and have not been comprehensively mapped. Purpose: To identify and map the factors that influence nurse resilience in hospitals based on the latest scientific evidence. Method: The scoping review research used a review result reporting method based on the Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) guidelines. P: Nurses and Nursing Staff, C: Resilience, Gender, Demography, Nursing Education, Workplace, Personal Satisfaction, Self-Efficacy, Emotional Intelligence, Environment, Culture, Leadership, C: Hospitals. Literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE (EBSCO), and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between 2020 and 2025 with the keywords “Nurse” AND “Nursing” AND “Nurse resilience” AND “Hospital” AND ‘Factors’ AND “Work environment” AND “Scoping review” AND “Psychological” AND “Stress”. The researchers identified 621 articles from PubMed, Medline (Ebsco), and ScienceDirect. The 621 articles were then screened according to the topic of discussion, resulting in 22 selected articles. Results: The synthesis results showed that nurse resilience is influenced by various factors that can be classified into three main categories, namely demographic factors, psychological factors, and organizational factors. Conclusion: Nurse resilience is a multidimensional construct influenced by the interaction of demographic, psychological, and organizational factors. These findings emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach in developing strategies to improve nurse resilience.   Keyword: Emotional Intelligence; Nurse Resilience; Organizational Support; Self-Efficacy; Work Environment.   Pendahuluan: Perawat merupakan tenaga kesehatan dengan risiko tinggi mengalami stres kerja akibat tuntutan klinis, beban kerja, dan tekanan emosional yang berkelanjutan. Resiliensi menjadi kapasitas psikologis penting yang memungkinkan perawat beradaptasi dan tetap mempertahankan kinerja serta kesejahteraan. Meskipun berbagai penelitian telah mengkaji resiliensi perawat, temuan mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya masih beragam dan belum terpetakan secara komprehensif. Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi resiliensi perawat di rumah sakit berdasarkan bukti ilmiah terkini Metode: Penelitian scoping review menggunakan metode pelaporan hasil review disusun berdasarkan pedoman Population, Concept dan Context (PCC). P: Nurses and Nursing Staff, C: Resilience, Gender, Demography, Education Nursing, Workplace, Personal satisfaction, Self Efficacy, Emotional Intelligence, Environment, Culture, Leadership, C: Hospitals. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, MEDLINE (EBSCO), dan ScienceDirect terhadap artikel yang diterbitkan dalam rentang tahun 2020–2025 dengan kata kunci “Nurse” AND “Nursing” AND “Nurse resilience” AND “Hospital” AND “Factors” AND “Work environment” AND “Scoping review” AND “Psychological” AND “Stress”. Peneliti mengidentifikasi sebanyak 621 artikel dari PubMed, Medline (Ebsco), dan ScienceDirect. Mengidentifikasi 621 artikel selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan sesuai dengan topik bahasan mendapatkan 22 artikel yang dipilih. Hasil: Resiliensi perawat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga kategori utama, yaitu faktor demografis, faktor psikologis, serta faktor organisasi. Simpulan: Resiliensi perawat merupakan konstruk multidimensional yang dipengaruhi oleh interaksi faktor demografis, psikologis, dan organisasi. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya pendekatan komprehensif dalam pengembangan strategi peningkatan resiliensi perawat.   Kata Kunci: Dukungan Organisasi; Efikasi Diri; Kecerdasan Emosional; Lingkungan; Resiliensi Perawat.