Effects of Smoking Habit on the Development of Tuberculosis Disease

Abstract

Abtract: Smoking and tuberculosis (TB) are two major problems of health in the world, even though TB is mostly found in developing countries. After HIV and AIDS spread, TB is the leading cause of death worldwide and is responsible for more than one million deaths every year. The data of World Health Organization (WHO) show that Indonesia becomes the 3 rd biggest country of smoker rate after China and India, followed by Russia and United States. Whereas, according to the total population, Indonesia is in the 4th position after China, India, and United States. The aim of this research is to analyze the effects of smoking habit on the development of tuberculosis disease. From the analysis result show: (1) Smoking and TB remain a significant health problem in both developed countries and developing countries, (2) Cigarette smoke has the effects of both pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive in the immune system of respiratory tract, (3) Smoking increases the infection risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the risk of disease progression and death in patients with TB, (4) Quitting smoking plays a role in global tuberculosis control and reduces mortality in patients with TB.