Modelling grid constraints in a multi‐energy municipal energy system using cumulative exergy consumption minimisation

Abstract

Efficiency measures and the integration of renewable energy sources are key to achieving a sustainable society. The cumulative exergy consumption describes the resource consumption of a product from the raw material to the final utilisation. It includes the exergy expenses for energy infrastructure as well as the imported energy. Since consumers and renewable potentials are usually in different locations, grid restrictions and energy flows have a significant impact on the optimal energy system design. In this paper we will use cumulative exergy minimisation together with load flow calculations to determine the optimal system design of a multi‐cell municipal energy system. Two different load flow representations are compared. The network flow model uses transmission efficiencies for heat, gas and electricity flows. The power flow representation uses a linear DC approximated load flow for electricity flows and a MILP (mixed integer linear programming) representation for heat and gas flows to account for the nonlinear pressure loss relation. Although both representations provide comparable overall results, the installed capacities in the individual cells differ significantly. The differences are greatest in well meshed cells, while they are small in stub lines.