Innovative components of Smart Cities with a special focus of Water Distribution Systems Challenges and Opportunities: A Review

Abstract

Smart cities are becoming a topic of significant interest as cities are continuously growing, facing numerous challenges in different sectors such as Environmental, Water Resources, Transportation, Structural aspects and others. Cities are facing increasing demand for resources and experiences new challenges related to sustainability, reliability and resilience in all the domains. Thus, smart cities concept is considered as an emerging way to urbanization and other challenges worldwide, using technology like the Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, mining and artificial intelligence (AI), etc. to analyse data for intelligent choices to improve urban life and sustainability. In this study, six innovative components of smart cities are defined and critical review of all the components i.e. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), Water management (WM), Sustainable Environment (SE), Green Infrastructure (GI), Structure health monitoring (SHM) and Governance and Citizens Participation are provided. Many studies are focused to define the city to be smart but still there are many consensuses are there to define the term "Smart City". The focus of the study is to discuss the challenges and opportunities inwater distribution systems (WDS), one of the crucial components of water supply systems Also, to highlights the recommended solutions to the growing challenges in WDSs.