A Brief Review on Present Status of Rice Tungro Disease: Types of Viruses, Vectors, Occurrence, Symptoms, Control and Resistant Rice Varieties

Abstract

One of the biggest threats to the world's sustainable yearly rice supply is Rice Tungro Disease (RTD), which is currently the most damaging viral disease of rice in South and Southeast Asia. The growing global population has led to a rise in the demand for food, making it necessary to discover the causes, symptoms, and management strategies of diseases in order to lessen the economic harm that rice pathogens inflict. According to statistics, this viral illness of rice can result in a 2% national loss in India. In susceptible rice growers, rice tungro manifests as severe yellowing and stunting composite illness caused by combined infection of two unrelated viruses, Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) & Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV). The Green Leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens Distant serves as the vector for both viruses. One of the most destructive rice pests in Asia's rice-growing regions is the green leafhopper (GLH). The green leafhopper nymphs and adults suck the plant sap and block the vascular bundles with Stylet sheaths to feed on rice. This review describes the different types of viruses, their genomic architectures, the types of vectors that carry them, when they arise, the symptoms that affect sick plants exhibit, how to control and eradicate the disease, and rice varieties that are resistant to them.