Periodo intergenésico como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de preeclampsia

Abstract

Objective: To determine the intergenic period as a risk factor for development preeclampsia in pregnant women attended in a High Risk Maternity in the period January-June 2018. Methods: A retrospective, transversal, analytical investigation was carried out of 160 cases and 161 controls, using a data collection form based on medical records. Results: The median ages were 28.00 ± 9.00 years for cases and 38.00 ± 2.00 years for controls (p=0.000). The most frequent personal history was arterial hypertension (6.3 %, 10 women). The most relevant family history was arterial hypertension (13.8%, 22) and diabetes (13.1%, 21). The most frequent obstetric antecedent was previous caesarean section (67.5 %, 108 pregnant women) (Z=6.16; p=0.00). Preeclampsia with severity criteria predominated statistically (93.8 %, 150 patients) (Z=15.54 and p=0.00). Eclampsia was the most frequent complication with 5.6 % (9 pregnant women). The 91.3 % (146 patients) did not present any complications. The median intergenic period was 60.00 ± 63.75 months for cases and 38.00 ± 33.00 for controls (p=0.11). It was short in 41 cases (25.6%) and 26 controls (16.1%); adequate in 33 (20.6%) cases and 84 (52.2%) controls and prolonged in 86 cases (53.8%) and 51 controls (31.7%) (p=0.00). Having an inadequate intergenic period (short or prolonged) was a risk factor 4.26 times higher for having PE compared (OR= 4.26; 95% CI: 2.59 - 6.98). Conclusions: Having an inadequate intergenic period increases the risk of developing preeclampsia by four times.