The Mediating Role of Social Support Between Pregnancy Anxiety and Emotional Suppression in Women with Threatened Preterm Labor

Abstract

Background: Threatened preterm labor is associated with heightened emotional distress in pregnant women, including anxiety, guilt, and depressive symptoms. Effective coping relies on psychosocial resilience, particularly emotional suppression and perceived social support. This study examined the mediating role of social support in the relationship between anxiety and emotional suppression. Methods: The study was conducted in Poland between December 2024 and June 2025 among 213 women hospitalized due to threatened preterm labor. Participants completed the Berlin Social Support Scales, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale, and a structured interview. Results: Women hospitalized for threatened preterm labor have moderate levels of anxiety as a state (M = 44.08 ± 10.59) and trait (M = 39.75 ± 9.99). Mediation analyses revealed that two dimensions of social support—perceived available support and Buffering–Protective support—significantly influenced the relationship between anxiety and emotional suppression (anger, depression and anxiety). In contrast, need for support, support seeking, and Currently Received Support were not significant mediators. Conclusions: The results indicate a complex interplay between anxiety, perceived support, and emotional suppression. The hypothesized simple buffering model was not confirmed. However, perceived available support was associated with reduced emotional suppression, suggesting a protective role. Buffering–Protective Support showed an activating effect, possibly encouraging emotional inhibition in stressful situations. These results underscore the importance of assessing perceived social support in clinical settings and tailoring psychological interventions for pregnant women at risk of preterm labor.