Study of Serum Magnesium Level in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Its Microvascular Complication

Abstract

Magnesium is an essential element and has a fundamental role in carbohydrate metabolism in general and in the insulin action in particular. Magnesium is a cofactor in both glucose transport mechanism of the cell membranes and for various intracellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate oxidation the concentrations of magnesium in serum of healthy people are remarkably constant, whereas 25-39% of diabetics have low concentrations of serum magnesium. Magnesium depletion has a negative impact on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, as well as on the evolution of complications such as ischemic heart disease, arterial atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hyper triglyceridemia, hypertension, retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy. Moreover, low serum magnesium is a strong, independent predictor of development of type 2 diabetes. The study is one and half year observational comparative hospital based study conducted in patients attending the Medicine OPD. Randomly chosen 100 Type 2 diabetic patients, and 100 non diabetic age/sex matched controls were included. In this study significant correlation is found between Hypomagnesemia and Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 with Hypomagnesemia is associated with more microvascular complications. Serum Magnesium level also found to be correlated with Lipid profile in Diabetics and significant correlation was also found between Hypomagnesemia and Hypertension. Keywords: Serum Magnesium Level, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Microvascular Complication.