Evaluation of the genetic potential of coffee trees in agroforestry systems with rubber trees

Abstract

This study sought to identify superior genotypes of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora suitable for agroforestry systems. The experiment took place in two distinct environments: monoculture and an agroforestry system featuring rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). Employing a randomized complete block design with four replications, the plants were spaced 3 m apart between rows and 1 m between plants in monoculture. In the agroforestry system, the spacing widened to 8 m between rows and 1 m between plants. The evaluation encompassed 11 genotypes, with 10 plants per plot in monoculture and 18 in the agroforestry system. Thirteen morpho-agronomic characteristics, spanning plant shape, uniformity of maturation, fruit size, vigor, pest and disease resistance, and production, were assessed. Employing the restricted maximum likelihood method and the best unbiased linear prediction method in the Selegen software facilitated data analysis, and selection was executed through the Mulamba-Rank index. Comparative analysis revealed that mean values for the evaluated characteristics were consistently higher in the agroforestry system compared to monoculture. Notably, clones A1, 5V, 308 and LB1 (C. canephora) emerged as the most promising genotypes in agroforestry system. Consequently, these clones stand out as robust candidates for inclusion in the composition of varieties tailored for agroforestry systems. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing coffee cultivation in the context of sustainable agroforestry practices.