ROLE OF LIPOSOME IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Abstract

Liposome was found by Alec Bangham of Babraham Institute in Cambridge, England in 1965.In 1990; drugs with liposome and Amphotericin B were approved by Ireland. In 1995 America F.D.A approved liposor doxodubicin. In 1965s, it was well recognized that microscopic lipid vesicles, known as liposomes, could be utilized to encapsulate drugs and dyes for the purpose of systemic administration and drug targeting.Considerable progress was made in 1980s, in engeneering liposomes to circulate longer in blood and remain intact while doing so . The liposome a microscopic spherical particle formed by a lipid bilayer enclosing an aqueous compartment.An artificial microscopic vesicle consisting of an aqueous core enclosed in one or more phospholipid layers, used to convey vaccines, drugs, enzymes, or other substances to target cells or organs. Liposome was discovered about 40 years ago by Bangham and coworkersand was defined as microscopic spherical vesicles that form when phospholipids are hydrated or exposed to anaqueous environment . Liposomes are microscopic vesicles composed of a bilayer of phospholipids or any similar amphipathic lipids. They can encapsulate and effectively deliver both hydrophilic and lipophilic substances2‐3 and may be used as a non‐toxic vehicle for insoluble drugs. Liposomes are composed of small vesicles of phospholipids encapsulating an aqueous space ranging from about 0.03 to 10 µm in diameter. The membrane of liposome is made of phospholipids, which have phosphoric acid sides to form the liposome bilayers.Liposomes can be manufacturing in different lipid comopsitions or by different method show variation in par. Size , size distribution, surface electrical potential, no. of lamella, encapsulation efficacy,Surface modification showed great advantage to produce liposomes of different mechanisims, kinetic properties and biodistribution