Endovascular Treatment of a Large Iliac Vein Aneurysm and High-Flow Arteriovenous Fistula

Abstract

Aneurysms associated with arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are rare but can cause significant morbidity. They are often diagnosed after rupture, pain, or embolization. We describe a unique case of a 35-year-old woman with a large iliac vein aneurysm related to an acquired AVF incidentally discovered on ultrasound during pregnancy. She had a diagnosis of “idiopathic” pulmonary hypertension for several years. This report details the diagnosis and treatment with an arterial stent graft that was effective in decreasing the size of the venous aneurysm and reversing the systemic changes associated with the disease.