Impact of tourism industry, globalization, and technology innovation on ecological footprints in G-10 countries

Abstract

In the past couple of years, most of the countries observed an increase in the size of their ecological footprints. Therefore, researchers and policymakers are now more focused on the potential drivers through which the ecological deficiency can be reduced. In the same context, this study evaluates international tourism, globalization, and technology innovation effects on the ecological footprints of G-10 countries over the period of 1995–2019. This study initially applied second-generation cross-sectional dependency, unit root, and cointegration tests. The long-run and short-run estimates were obtained through the Cross-Sectional ARDL method. The study’s empirical findings demonstrate that tourism, globalization, and economic growth significantly contributed to ecological footprint, while technology innovation reduced the environmental burden, thus leads to a decline in ecological footprints of sample countries. These results suggest the use of alternate energy resources and advanced technology in the tourism industry.