Digital intervention targeting nutrition and physical activity behaviours among healthy individuals in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

Abstract

Background: The adoption of digital technologies to enhance health behaviours is on the rise due to their high accessibility. This scoping review summarized evidence on digital interventions designed to improve nutritional status and physical activity (PA) among healthy individuals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: A comprehensive search of five electronic databases, including MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and CENTRAL through the Cochrane Library from January 2000 to September 2024 was conducted. The search strategy was guided by the Participants, Concept, and Context model. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs that implemented digital nutrition interventions among healthy individuals in LMICs. Results: The review included 53 studies, predominantly from Asia, that employed various digital platforms, including social media, text messages, mobile apps, video games, and websites. The interventions primarily targeted children or adolescents and youth, focusing on PA and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The majority of studies reported significant improvements in PA levels, nutrition knowledge, and healthy food consumption. However, the impact on anthropometric and body composition outcomes was inconsistent might be due to the heterogeneity of intervention, varying duration, diverse target populations, and methodological approaches. Conclusion: Digital interventions were generally effective in improving PA levels, nutrition knowledge, and healthy food consumption. However, our review identified several gaps, including the limited application of theoretical frameworks and needs assessments in the development of interventions, as well as a narrow focus on specific outcomes. Future studies should expand to diverse regions, incorporate theory-based, context-specific approaches, and adopt double-duty action strategies to enhance the effectiveness and reach of digital nutrition interventions in LMICs.