A framework for developing and implementing scalable, accessible organisational change or risk management in resource-limited industries or public sector environment in the USA

Abstract

Organizational change and risk management are critical capabilities for modern organizations, yet many frameworks assume ample resources and may falter in resource-constrained settings. This paper proposes SCARF – a Scalable, Cost-Efficient, Accessible, Responsive Framework – to guide organizational change or risk management initiatives in resource-limited industries and U.S. public sector environments. We conduct a mixed-methods literature review, synthesizing theories of change (e.g., Kotter’s 8-Step, Lewin’s 3-Step, ADKAR) and risk management standards (ISO 31000, COSO ERM) with case evidence from resource-limited contexts. Key findings highlight recurrent barriers (limited resources, resistance to change, complexity of frameworks) and critical success factors (leadership support, stakeholder engagement, adaptive processes). The SCARF framework is developed to address scalability and accessibility challenges identified, emphasizing phased implementation, low-cost strategies, stakeholder inclusivity, and adaptive learning loops. The framework is validated conceptually against expert recommendations in the literature and compared with existing models. This study contributes a tailored approach for resource-limited organizations to successfully implement change or risk management, with practical implications for managers and policy-makers. Future research should empirically test SCARF in diverse public sector and small-industry settings. . Keywords:  Organisational Change, Risk Management, Resource-Limited, Public Sector, USA, Scalable Framework, Accessibility, Policy Implementation.