Investigation of Jabung Temple subsurface at Probolinggo, Indonesia using resistivity and geomagnetic methods

Abstract

Subsurface structural estimation has been investigated with dipole-dipole resistivity configuration and magnetic methods for mapping of Jabung Temple Archaeological Site located in Jabung Village, Paiton Sub-District, Probolinggo Regency, East Java with Resistivity meter OYO MacOhm and Proton Precession Magnetometer. This estimate aims to determine the spread and depth of the rocks below the surface of the Archaeological Site of Jabung Temple as well as a source of information for the discovery of ancient objects still buried in the soil. The acquisition of resistivity data was performed on ten measuring tracks and covered the measurement area of ± 37,900 m2. Six trajectory tracks are located around Menara Sudut Temple and four line are located in the area of Jabung Temple. The acquisition of magnetic data is made around the area of Jabung Temple at 924 points with spacing of 2.5 meters, with the area of 5,200 m2. Based on the interpretation of magnetic anomaly and resistivity data, the magnetic anomaly value, < 16.9 nT is likely to indicate the remains of temple ornaments located at a distance of 20 meters in front and behind the main temple. This is supported by a resistivity value from 33.0 Ω.m to 92.6 Ω.m which indicates the remains of the temple building blocks. The depths of the remains of temple rock are thought to be at an average of 1.8 meters below ground level. Magnetic anomaly is high in the main temple, equal to > 22.6 nT due to andesite rock used as a temple booster (based on information obtained during the restoration of 1983/1984). The results of this study indicate that geoelectric and magnetic methods are very effective for the prediction of subsurface structures, especially in the archaeology field.