Using non-linear slide decks to administer individualized problem-based learning assessments within pharmacology education

Abstract

Aim: Problem-based learning (PBL) is an established approach in medical, nursing, pharmacy and veterinary medicine education. This study describes the implementation and aims to evaluate the use of non-linear slide decks as a method to deliver PBL as individualized student assessments within pharmacology education. This approach, originally developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, has been evaluated over 5 years since its integration within undergraduate pharmacology modules. Methods: Two non-linear slide decks were designed using Microsoft PowerPoint with interactive hyperlink navigation, allowing dynamic and student-directed progression through two scenarios: a summative clinical toxicology assessment and a formative pharmacokinetic calculation activity. Results: Comparative analysis of student performance demonstrated that grades achieved via non-linear PBL (67.6 ± 10.4%, n = 140) were comparable to those from essays (65.3 ± 12.7%, n = 83) and oral presentations (66.0 ± 6.5%, n = 56), though lower than online quizzes (71.4 ± 11.3%, n = 141). Furthermore, student feedback (n = 31) demonstrated positive student perceptions of non-linear PBL. Conclusion: Despite the increased complexity involved in developing and integrating non-linear PBL resources, this methodology offers an engaging, flexible and pedagogically robust strategy that promotes active learning. It addresses long-standing challenges associated with group-based PBL formats while meeting recommended pharmacology education curricula.