Effective Method to Resolve the Chromosome Numbers in Pistacia Species (Anacardiaceae)

Abstract

The genus Pistacia L. belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and includes at least eleven species. Cy-togenetic studies addressing the genus Pistacia are rather few. Chromosome numbers of the dif-ferent Pistacia species, revealed by these studies, are questionable due to the fact that poor chro-mosome counting protocols were used, and these protocols are hampered by the extremely small-sized chromosomes of Pistacia species. The aim of this study was to develop a more effective me-thod to resolve the chromosome numbers in Pistacia species using a fluorescent microscope. The method described here is modified from the Sigma Plant Protoplast Digest/Wash Solution proto-col. The method used here is highly effective for karyotyping analysis and studying population genetics of Pistacia species. Moreover, it is easy and can be reproduced for other species that have smaller chromosomes. This method can be used for plant herbarium specimens or field plants. This study provides valuable chromosomal data for cytogeneticists and plant breeders who are working on this genus. It provides additional insight into understanding the taxonomic and phy-logenetic relationships among Pistacia species. The chromosomes described here are also suitable for gene and genome mapping.