Oral infections of herpes simplex virus: Symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology in periodontal disease

Abstract

There are many other viral agents that can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections; however, human herpesvirus is of clinical importance to the periodontologist. Although it exists in eight various forms, HSV-1 causes most of the oral infections. As dentists are more likely to be consulted in the case of oral infections, familiarity with these lesions becomes mandatory. Here, we have briefly reviewed the periodontopathic potential of the herpes simplex viruses: HSV-1 and HSV-2. Primary herpes infections typically occur during childhood or youth, although occasional cases are observed in older individuals. Recurrent HSV-1 infections typically occur throughout life and are particularly triggered by stress, illness, immune compromise, or other factors. It is more commonly reported in children and rarely in adults. Oral HSV infections' diagnosis and management are the primary responsibilities of the periodontal personnel. The current review discusses herpes simplex virus: oral infections' symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and pathophysiology of herpes simplex virus in periodontal disease.