Recent Advances and Prospects of Biochar-based Adsorbents for Malachite Green Removal: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This comprehensive review focuses on the recent progress related to biochar applications as an efficient removal agent for malachite green (MG) dye. Recently, biochar has been extensively employed as an effective adsorbent material through its exceptional characteristics, such as cost-effectiveness, high porosity, large surface area, and mass production. Many strategies are reported for biochar fabrication, including hydrothermal liquefaction and hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, and gasification. The reported technologies for biochar synthesis used to remove MG are covered and discussed in detail. In addition, the key recent applications related to using different biochar adsorbents to remove MG are overviewed and discussed. The drawbacks related to this topic as well as the current challenges and perspectives are highlighted.