Utilization of Chicken Waste as a Low-Cost Feedstock for Biodiesel Production: Optimization Strategies and Feasibility Analysis

Abstract

This study sought the best conditions for producing Biodiesel from chicken waste, an inexpensive feedstock.  5.20 mg KOH / g-oil was the acid value of the chicken waste.  For improved biodiesel yield during the transesterification process, sulfuric acid pretreatment was required since acid concentrations above 1.0 mg KOH/g resulted in higher catalyst utilization during the biodiesel manufacturing process.  Extracted oil underwent characterization to assess its suitability for transesterification.  The optimized transesterification process employed a 6:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 1% KOH catalyst, and a reaction temperature of 60°C for 2 hours.  The resulting Biodiesel achieved an impressive 85% yield and exhibited properties consistent with ASTM standards, including acid value (0.15 mg KOH/g), saponification value (153 mg KOH/g), kinematic viscosity (4.32 mm²/s), specific gravity (0.886), flash point (168°C), and cetane number (62.6).  According to the findings, the chicken waste characteristics met the specifications for oil required to produce Biodiesel.  The study concluded that chicken waste could be utilized as an economically benign feedstock for the production of Biodiesel, as well as the resultant catalyst could potentially be employed in industries as bio-base.