Cardiovascular diseases in patients 65 years and younger with non-cardiogenic stroke

Abstract

Introduction: Approximately 10.15% of patients with stroke are under 65 years of age. The aim of the study was to determine types of stroke In people below 65. We analysed the incidence and types of associated cardiovascular diseases in patients with non-cardiogenic stroke. Material and methods: In this prospective study patients (aged > 65) with stroke underwent physical examination, computed tomography of the head, blood tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and transcranial and carotid artery ultrasound. Classification of stroke was performed according to the ASCOD scale. Analysis considered the incidence of heart diseases in patients with non-cardiogenic stroke and the incidence of heart diseases recognised as a cause of cerebral embolism in patients with cardiogenic stroke. Results: The study included 611 patients with stroke at the age of 27-65 (mean: 57.2 ±6.7; M/F 380/231). Stroke of heterogeneous aetiology was observed in 321 patients, cardiogenic stroke in 78, and stroke caused by small vessel and carotid artery disease in 73 and 72 patients, respectively. The most common heart diseases in non-cardiogenic stroke patients included persistent foramen ovale, coronary heart disease and past myocardial infarction. The most common causes of cardiogenic embolism were cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and interatrial septal defect. Conclusions: Aetiologically heterogeneous stroke and cardiogenic stroke are the most commonly observed among young stroke patients. Cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation are the most common sources of cerebral embolism in young patients with cardiogenic stroke. Nearly 1/5 of patients with a non-cardiogenic stroke have congenital or acquired structural changes in the heart.