From Batik to Canvas: Theological Symbolism and Local Wisdom in Indonesian Islamic Visual Arts

Abstract

This article is an exploration of the theological meanings and local wisdom of Islamic visual arts in Indonesia, particularly batik, Javanese-Sundanese mosque ornaments, and recent calligraphy canvases. This descriptive study with qualitative approach used observation of artworks and interview to artisans, curators, and artists also literature. The data was condensed, presented, and verified using the Miles Huberman Saldana model analysis. The findings reveal three key points. To begin with, the argument here is that the non-verbal reading of tawhid, mizan, and cosmic order, have their visual manifestations in repetitive patterns, sacred geometries, and colour assessment. Besides, the theology’s integration, as well as local aesthetic, takes place in a creative practice that nurtures sensibility, calms patience, mutual cooperation, and eco-awareness. The process of creating visual patterns is an expression of the remembrance of God which helps to discipline the inner self and brings sincerity and devotion. This research proposes the Visual Theology of Nusantara Harmony to interpret visual works to be spiritual text that is embedded in the local culture. This text contributes new conceptual and practical material. Together with its curatorial and educational references, it extends and deepens the study of theological aesthetics in art communities. It is suggested to further research the use of digital media and cross-discipline collaboration to enhance visual spiritual literacy in Indonesia. Exhibition design, art education and cultural da‘wah can be designed with enhanced sensitivity to local symbols, processes and contexts of communities.