Challenges and opportunities in healthcare workplace violence training: A qualitative study of staff experiences

Abstract

Workplace violence (WPV) is an escalating concern within healthcare, necessitating development of evidence-based interventions. This qualitative study was designed to support creation of effective training materials to reduce WPV. We recruited 17 frontline staff from four major Midwest healthcare systems to participate in focus groups, 1–1, and dyadic interviews using purposeful sampling. Data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis, resulting in 11 unique codes grouped under three themes: Emotional Escalation, Institutional Characteristics, and Situational Awareness. Findings reveal the limitations of current training methods in preparing staff for both verbal and physical confrontations. Staff highlighted significant structural and social challenges. Structured brainstorming pinpointed specific educational needs, desires, and skill gaps to inform refinement of training programs and to effectively address violent incidents. Healthcare providers prefer training materials that are interaction-oriented, enhance communication skills, and promote proactive communication strategies. Training to manage workplace violence could address these gaps by teaching appropriate and illustrating ineffective de-escalation attempts. Substantial opportunities exist to enhance violence prevention strategies, improve support for victimized staff, and apply these insights to broader emergency care practices.