Bactericidal Properties of Natural Fibers Hybrid Functionalized with ZnO/Cu2+ and ZnO/Cu0

Abstract

Multifunctional natural fibers with antimicrobial properties have been applied as a viable strategy to prevent microorganism contamination and proliferation on the surface of clothes and personal protection equipment marketed and used by health professionals, patients, and the general population. They present intrinsic antimicrobial capacity, providing effective protection preventing the transmission and contagion of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. Herein, we successfully functionalized cotton fibers with ZnO/Cu2+ and ZnO/Cu0 hybrid systems via a hydrothermal routine. Rietveld refinement from X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) data and Fourier-Transform Raman Spectroscopy (FT-Raman) indicate alterations on the cellulose crystallinity index in the cotton fibers after functionalization, mainly on the proportion of cellulose Iβ polymorph crystal. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate adequate ZnO nanoparticles fixation and in-situ reduction of copper ions. Antimicrobial tests confirm that the multifunctional fibers present bactericidal activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria under electromagnetic irradiation (440–480 nm). Self-disinfection capability and UV blocking properties of wipes with fibers after ZnO/Cu2+ and ZnO/Cu0 functionalization were improved. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].