Važnost ljestvica za zbrinjavanje moždanog udara

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, stroke is a clinical syndrome defined as the sudden centered or (more rarely) global neurological deficit which lasts for more than 24 hours or leads to death, with the option of being explained through a cerebro-vascular disease. It can be differentiated between two main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Stroke is an acute state which needs an early intervention and urgent treatment. According to the epidemiological data, stroke is the leading cause of the inabilities among adults in the United States of America, as well as the third cause of death in Western Europe. It is also the second cause of death in Croatia, alongside being the first cause of disabilities, and the second cause of death worldwide. In 2013, the American Heart Association and the American Stroke Association published new guidelines for the early menagement of patients with acute ishemic stroke. In 2015, a Focused Update of the 2013Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Regarding Endovascular Treatment was published. The American academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Those guidelines address the opportunities for optimal stroke care in the acute phase of the acute ishemic stroke. Scales such as RACE (Rapid arterial occlusion evaluation scale), FAST-ED (Field assessment stroke triage for emergency destination), C-STAT (Cincinnati stroke triage assessment tool) and LAMS (Los angeles motor scale) are the scales which have great importance in the early and urgent detection of the acute changes in the process that leads to stroke. Therefore, these scales are mostly used in this process and contribute to faster and more precise results, as well as taking care of patients. The National Institutes of Stroke Scale/Score scale (NIHSS) is also very important in the clinical contet of the treatment. This score has been used in thrombolysis trials to include or exclude patients from active treatment. In conclusion, it is essential to point out the importance of these scales in early diagnosis, and furthermore treatment of patients in hospital and out-of-hospital contexts within the golden hour, with the aim of achieving faster and better treatments and prevetnion of stroke.