The Gray Wolves, Canis lupus, of British Columbia's Central and North Coast: Distribution and conservation assessment

Abstract

The Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) of coastal British Columbia are a remnant group of a much larger population that once inhabited most of North America, including its west coast temperate rainforests. During summers 2000 and 2001, we surveyed 36 islands and 42 mainland watersheds on British Columbia's Central and North Coast for the presence of wolves. An extensive survey had not been conducted previously. We observed wolf sign at all locations, including islands or island groups separated by approximately 7, 8, and 12-km from other large landmasses. The distribution of wolves on islands may be dynamic, with occupancy by solitary Wolves or packs being ephemeral. The potential for an island to support a persistent population of wolves may depend on the presence and abundance of their main prey, Black-tailed Deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and security from exploitation by humans. These factors likely are mediated by island isolation, area, shape, topography, and extent of logging. Mounting evidence suggests that logging negatively affects Wolves in temperate rainforests by reducing carrying capacity for deer.