Organizational and Human Factors Affecting Patient Safety Culture: A Literature Review

Abstract

Patient safety culture (PSC) is a key factor in improving the quality of healthcare services and reducing incidents that harm patients. This study aims to examine the organizational and human factors that influence the development and implementation of PSC in various healthcare facilities. In this literature review, 25 articles from various Scopus-indexed international journals and national journals published in the last 10 years were analyzed, covering studies on organizational factors such as leadership, resource allocation, organizational structure, and human factors including training, inter-team communication, and staff confidence. The results show that leadership that supports patient safety, open communication, and solid teamwork are key factors that strengthen a culture of safety. On the other hand, the main challenges identified are staff shortages, barriers to error reporting due to a punitive culture, and insufficient resources that hinder the effective implementation of CPS. This study also highlights the importance of patient and family participation in building a more inclusive and effective safety culture. Through a better understanding of the interaction between organizational and human factors, this study provides recommendations for hospitals and health institutions to strengthen non-punitive reporting systems, improve safety training, and improve organizational structures and resources