Genomic mapping milk microbiota from healthy, sub-clinical and clinical mastitis of Jersey Friesian cattle in a Malaysian farm

Abstract

Bovine mastitis is the persistent, inflammatory reaction of the udder due to physical trauma or microorganism infection. The milk from healthy and mastitis cows presents an ecosystem of microbial communities, which can influence the mechanisms and pathophysiology of mastitis. Hence, there is a possible shift in microbiome composition in healthy, subclinical and clinical mastitis. This study reported the composition of microbiota in the udder of Jersey Friesian cows in one of the local farms located in Pahang, Malaysia. From the 16s amplicon sequencing analysis, the core microbiota was dominated by phyla of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. Most of the predominant genera from healthy groups were mainly Ralstonia, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Turicibacter, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Aerococcus, and Streptococcus. Furthermore, the majority of subclinical mastitis milk was populated by genera of Ralstonia, Escherichia, Aerococcus, and Corynebacterium, whereas, Streptococcus, Ralstonia and Escherichia were predominant in clinical mastitis samples. The alpha and beta diversity analysis indicated that microbiota from healthy and subclinical were more diverse compared to clinical mastitis microbiota. Therefore, predominant genera from clinical mastitis samples might be the potential of causative mastitis pathogens in the respective farm. The use of culture-independent analysis presented here revealed a wide bacterial diversity and variation between different clinical statuses.