Producción de leche en vacas mestizo Holstein ( Bos taurus L.,) pastoreadas en paraderas nativas en comparación con las suplementadas con borra de cerveza y maíz amarillo

Abstract

Abstract The present investigation was carried out in a sector ofthe milk basin, Patamanta Cantón of the Municipality of Pucarani, with the objective of determining milk production in Holstein crossbred cows (HCC) grazed in native pasture (GNP), and compared with those supplemented with beer blot (BB) and yellow corn (YC). 9 HCC of live weight (LW) of 375 kg, from 5 to 6 years of age, 3 to 5 months postpartum, of second lactation period, clinically healthy and free of parasites. The evaluation was carried out between the months of April, May and June, the animáis were staked with a rope of 3.4 m, they were traversed twice a day, at night they were stabled. The rations for the three groups of 3 HCC were: i) GNV without supplement ii) HCC + 6.0 kg of BB iii) GNP ± 1.59 kg of BB ± 5.46 kg YC, the supplement was prepared in containers containing 0.2 kgof salt and running water 15 L, the supplement was dissolved in water and salt, the group (i), was water and salt in its drinking fountain, the supplementation was provided twice a day, in the morning and at the end of the day, the applied design It was completely random, for the comparison of means, DUNCAN and ANOVA were used. Milk production and quality parameters of raw milk, protein content (PC), fat content (FC), total solids (TS), as well as the water consumption required for the production of 1 kg of milk were evaluated. Raw milk, the cost of milk production. The results in milk production for the three rations were respectively 7.5, 8.0 and 10.9, L., PC 3.60 ± 1.69%, 4.32 ± 1.80%, and 4.06 ± 0.93%, FC 2.91 ± 0.27%, 3.50 ± 0.79% , and 3.81 ± 0.69%, TS 12.69 ± 0.63%, 13.50 ± 0.73%, and 11.34 ± 0.49%, the amount of water required for the production of 1 kg of milk 13, 16.2 and 12 L, production costs 1.70, 1.73, 2.10 Bs. Milk production, with ration III was higher in relation to the other two, which indicates that this ration provides energy and protein intake necessary in the supplementation, covering their daily requirements. Regarding the quality of the milk, PC, FC, and TS, improved notably with ration III, which is associated with water consumption, which is also lower in this ration, compared to the other two, costs in ration III, increases 0.4 Bs. With these data milk production does not affect its quality, although the cost increases, that despite the conditions of the families that are dedicated to this livestock activity would be beneficiarles with its increase , which would contribute to their economic income, would also improve the energy balance of the HCC, which in the long run, would be a significant contribution in the production of this raw material which, being a staple food, requires that its production in quantity and quality be superior as the feeding of animáis in this rural área improves.