Dini Danışma ve Rehberliğin Temel Kavramları ve Tarihi Arka Planı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Until the 19th century in which psychology emerged as a scientific discipline, problems that are related to humans always were interpreted with philosophical considerations. In time, philosophical movements such as positivism and materialism have led psychology as a scientific branch to have its own concepts and methods. Religion has been excluded from scientific research for a long period under the influence of the paradigms that dominate the science in this process. Despite the negative attitudes of scholars to religion, Christian clergy closely followed scientific developments in the fields such as philosophy and psychology. Pastoral care and counseling concepts and methods based on today's religious counseling and guidance have emerged, as traditionally maintained "pastoral care" activities within the framework of church services have been influenced by developments in psychology and psychotherapy. After the 1960s, pastoral care and counseling, which has a tendency to be widespread throughout the world, has become a focus of interest in religious institutions and academic community in Turkey in recent years. This article focuses on basic concepts and historical background of pastoral care and counseling in order to contribute to the study of the subject's realization in Islamic culture.