Role de culex quinquefasciatus dans la transmission de la filariose de bancroft dans la république fédérale islamique des comores (océan indien)

Abstract

In October 1988-January 1989, as a part of a malaria and filariasis control programme in Federal Islamic Republic of Comoros, an entomological survey was carried out in 19 rural and urban localities of Grande Comore, Anjouan and Moheli Islands. The potential breeding places were examined and pyrethrum spray catches were made to evaluate the indoor resting densities of mos quitos. A total of 14.578 adult mosquitos potential vectors of filariasis was collected: 94, 5 % Culex quinquefasciatus, 3, 5 % Anopheles gambiae s. str., 1, 9 % A. funestus and 0, 1 % other anopheline species. A. funestus, uniformely spread in Moheli, wai present only in the south-west coast of Anjouan and absent in Grande Comore. A. gambiae and Cx quinquefasciatus were present in Grande Comore. A. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus were present in the three islands with different densities in the villages. Only Cx quinquefasciatus specimens (a maximum of 150 for each locality) were dissected to search filaria larvae, being the Anopheles specimens used to evaluate the malaria transmission. The global infection rate (9, 4 %) and the infectivity rate (0, 9 %) observed in Cx quinquefasciatus are higher than indices reported in previous surveys. All the larvae in the third development instar (L3 were indentified as Wuchereria bancrofti. The results suggest that in FIR of Comoros W. bancrofti is well adapted to local Cx quinquefasciatus population. Because of the presence of high mos quito density this species plays a preminent role in the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in that area. The high transmission levels calls for the implementation of a specific control program. © 1994 Princeps Editions, Paris.