Build Recommendations Nitrogen Fertilization with the Development of the Period of Durian Crop Replanting

Abstract

The growing period of fruit crops requires nutrients for growth and development; this is very important in the physiology of fruit crops. Durian plants in determining the fruit harvest are largely determined by the process of growth development in plants. Leaf budding age is the main factor determining nutrient nutrients status in durian plants (Durio zibethinus Murr.). Durian plants require sufficient nutrients to obtain growth and fruit harvest; leaf analysis can be used as a guide in diagnosing nutrient status and fertilizer recommendations on durian plants. However, standard leaf sampling techniques should be accurately determined. The purpose of this research is to study and to know the proper dosage of fertilizer for durian plants associated with vegetative growth phase of leaf buds after fruit harvest the study was conducted in three locations: Sudaji Village, Munduk Bestala Village, and Sinabun Village, Buleleng Regency, March-November 2016. The leaves in the proper period of use are used as guidelines for fertilization when leaves have the best correlation relationship with period development vegetative plants. Leaf samples are taken periodically after the fruit harvest durian plants. Starting the early shoot period until the dormant buds period, the results showed that the nutrient concentration of nitrogen in leaves decreased with the age of leaf buds, the concentration on the initial leaf buds was higher than the full leaf buds. The correlation of nitrogen concentration from the development of leaf buds of durian plants has different nutrient requirements between leaf buds development, i.e. early leaf buds, adult leaf buds and dormant leaf buds; the smallest value is obtained on the growth of dormant buds. With a correlation coefficient of 0.82 each. At the time the leaves are young, the leaves do a great activity and require a supply of nutrients, as well as organic and water in the process of physiology of growth and development of plants in relation, can produce optimum fruit harvest. 1. Introduction Specifically, N, P, and K fertilizers are one of the most vital production facilities in supporting the increase of fruit production especially citrus fruits. The plant is highly responsive to the macro element, but its efficiency and effectiveness depend on local location. Given the durian fruit that produces a seasonal (biennial bearing) where the season is fruitful plants require optimal nutrition for the needs produce. Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is a fruit that has a distinctive flavor and aroma that is popular with almost everyone. The sweet and fragrant fruits with the color of the flesh are not only white, yellow, orange and rich in calories, vitamins, fats, and proteins, but also the stem can be used as building materials (Purnomosidhi, 2007). The fulfillment of durian requirement is still difficult; this is due to lack of knowledge about the optimal mineral nutrition for the growth and production of fruit crops adequacy its need to increase the quantity, quality, and health of plants (Poerwanto, 2002) and uneven harvest (seasonal). September to October is the development of vegetative phase of durian plants (Stuckens et al., 2011). Among the important nutrients needed by fruit plants in the development and growth process include macro fertilizers such as; nitrogen N), phosphor (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (Mg). Each has different roles according to the type of fertilizer, such as nitrogen has a role in stimulating the growth of the plant as a whole. Serves in synthesizing chlorophyll, amino acids, and proteins in plants. Phosphates play a role in transporting metabolic results in plants such as flowering, fertilizing and stimulate seed formation and stimulating division and enlarging cells in plants. Magnesium elements play a role in enzyme transformation, also a core component in chlorophyll formation. Potassium plays a role in the process of photosynthesis, transport of assimilation, enzymes and including mineral water (Poerwanto, 2002). Fertilization efficiency in durian crops not only plays an important role in increasing farmer's income, but also related to the sustainable production system (Sustainable production), environmental sustainability, and saving of limited national energy resources. Location-specific on orange plant area can be interpreted as a terrain that has a conductivity and land management as well as the application of technology that is similar and in one system. Based on that it is estimated that technological inputs, especially fertilizers, are also similar. One of the most effective tools can be used as an early reference in estimating optimal fertilizer requirement is a nutrient status map for N, P, and K fertilizers and where the land is overgrown by plants (Setiawan et al., 2006). Recommendations for appropriate nutrient delivery are expected to increase optimal production growth. Although the cost of nutrient analysis is high enough, it can be covered by increased yield and fruit quality and avoid waste of excess fertilizer. Furthermore, the addition of fertilizer is only given according to the needs of the plant, beyond the ability of the soil to provide. This is related to research conducted by Reddy (2014) on mango plants, to perform fertilization needs to be done a nutrient analysis. Nutrient analysis is a means of fertilizer management so that in the application of fertilizer on plants can be precise and efficient. From the management of fertilization through leaf analysis there are two ways that can be done are: soil analysis and analysis finger leaf plant. Soil analysis and leaf tissue analysis are tools that can be used to diagnose soil fertility status and recommend fertilization (Poerwanto, 2002). Indonesian durian production during 5