Blockade of Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 Pathway for the Treatment of Melanoma

Abstract

See, stats, and : https : / / www. researchgate. net / publication / 321771843 Blockade- 1 pathway Article DOI : 10 . 14302 / issn . 2471- 2175 . jdrt - 17 - 1760 CITATIONS 0 READS 142 : Madhuri University - Vancouver 61 SEE Anand University - Vancouver 65 SEE All . The . Freely Available Online www . openaccesspub . org | JDRT CC - license DOI : 10 . 14302 / issn . Abstract Metastatic melanoma is a very deadly type of skin cancer with poor prognosis and low 5 - year survival rates . Until recently , patients with metastatic melanoma had very few treatment options , which only included dacarbazine and aldesleukin . In 2011 , the first checkpoint blocker , ipilimumab was approved for the treatment of unresectable metastatic melanoma but its success was eclipsed by low response rates and high incidence of adverse events . Later in 2014 , anti - PD - 1 antibodies , nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma . With comparatively high response rates and manageable safety profile , PD - 1 blockers were remarkably successful in the treatment of melanoma and also other cancer subtypes such as non - small cell lung cancer and metastatic urothelial carcinoma . This article highlights the success of anti - PD - 1 antibodies , discusses the mechanism of PD - 1 : PD - L1 / 2 pathway , responses of melanoma patients to PD - 1 blockers and the research on improving response rates to PD - 1 blockers .