Propelling of Enzyme Activity by Using Different Triggering Strategies: Applications and Perspectives

Abstract

Enzymes have been widely used as biocatalysts to meet the increasing demand for industrial approaches. Even if the method of immobilization used to stabilize enzymes seems easy and effective for scientists, the maintenance of activity remains currently an open challenge in various applications. Activity enhancement has recently gained a huge interest since this is a significant point in terms of industrial applications. In this context, external stimulants such as ultrasound, magnetic field, electric field, and light irradiation affect the activity of an enzyme in different aspects. Among these, ultrasound induction exhibits a prominent role in the enhancement of the activity of the immobilized enzyme. On the other hand, although a large number of articles have reported improvements in the catalytic activities of enzymes by induction methods, to the best of our knowledge, a review describing these improvements in the catalytic activities of enzymes has not yet been reported. Therefore, this novel review focused on the effects of the different induction methods, and it will provide novel perspectives and recent information for the development and application of related research areas. In addition, it will give an insight into the mechanisms at the molecular level in response to the question of how the induction methods enhance enzyme activity.