Studying of heart diseases prevalence, distribution and cofactors in Sudanese population

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases CVD, have been increasing rapidly recently in Sudan, which is expected to changes in nutrition mode, life style, social stress, economic burden, utilization of industrial fertilization and chemicals for fruits ripeness. As in this realm; Yang et al, 1 stated that: changes in lifestyle and longer life expectancy have led to an increased burden of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; in addition to other factors which have been reported by Bonow et al, 2 such as ageing of the population, dramatic increase in the rate of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and their related complications of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerotic vascular disease. And also He et al; and Isomaa et al, 3,4 demonstrated an association of metabolic syndrome with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and more confirmation related to mortality rate increment was given by Lakka et al. 5 Based on these induction factors of CVD, the heart diseases in Sudan has ABSTRACT Background: the following study aimed to reveals the heart diseases (HD) prevalence, distribution and co-factors in Sudanese population during June 2014-June 2015 and to answer the questions related to, in Sudan. Methods: The data collected from different hospitals as gender, age, body mass index BMI, smoking habits, residential states, Pathologies, cardiothoracic ratio CCT, symptoms and breathing rate. Results: showed that HD were predominant among male with 56% and peaked among 65-77 year old, most of sample were either obese or overweight representing 57% or 35% respectively. The common cofactors for HD were the socioeconomic , smoking, hypertension and obesity which representing 90%, 75%, 60% and 57% respectively. The heart diseases HD incidence in Khartoum, Aljazeera, White Nile, Red Sea, and West of Sudan was 40%, 25%, 20%, 10% and 5% respectively. The common type of HD was Coronary Arteries, Valves, Myocardial infarction, and Congestive Heart Failure representing 45%, 17%, 23%, and 15% respectively. And signs were Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, High Cholesterol, breathing rate, edema, palpitation with relative frequencies 9%, 11%, 6%, 12%, 8% and 10% respectively. Patients' cardiothoracic ratio CTR exceeding normal level (0.5), A significant relationship between CTR and Breathing rate (BR) (R 2 = 0.8) fits in CTR=0.02BR+0.2 as well between age and BR (R 2) fits in BR=0.21age + 12.84. And all patients had BR exceeding the adult normal range (12-20). Conclusions: HD could be as endemic to increase mortality following the uneasy avoidable cofactors in the nearest future.