Hypocalcemia

Abstract

Hypocalcemia is common in dairy goats and pregnant goats with multiple fetuses. Calcium deficiency may result from a calcium-deficient diet or from the animal's failure to adjust or adapt to physiological needs. Aside from inadequate vitamin D supplementation, an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet and an imbalance of parathyroid and calcitonin hormones can all contribute to hypocalcemia. Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal secondary hyperparathyroidism are caused by a physiological imbalance in the body's calcium homeostasis. The hallmark indications of hypocalcemia in goats are hyperesthesia, tetany, and flaccid paralysis. Identification of hypocalcemia in goats requires a history, clinical signs, physical examination, and laboratory tests. If the animal is recognized and treated early, it responds favorably to calcium therapy.