The fraction of a fireball kinetic kinetic energy that can be radiated away by internal shocks is sensitive to the amplitude of initial fluctuations in the fireball. We give a simple analytical description for dissipation of modest-amplitude fluctuations and confirm it with direct numerical simulations. At high amplitudes, the dissipation occurs in a non-linear regime with efficiency approaching 100 %. Most of the explosion energy is then radiated away by the prompt GRB and only a fraction remains to be radiated by the afterglow.
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CITATION STYLE
Beloborodov, A. M. (2000). On the Efficiency of Internal Shocks in Gamma-Ray Bursts. The Astrophysical Journal, 539(1), L25–L28. https://doi.org/10.1086/312830