Knowledge and Awareness of Glaucoma Among People Living in Taif City in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background Glaucoma represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by progressive and irreversible optic nerve damage, visual field impairment, and potential blindness. Limited awareness can lead to delayed diagnosis and increased healthcare burden. This research explored glaucoma awareness in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. It delved into the influence of demographics, socioeconomic factors, and cultural beliefs on awareness. The study aimed to inform tailored awareness campaigns and policy decision-makers about regional awareness, ultimately contributing to effective healthcare initiatives in the region. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in Taif City including adults (>18 years) using a community-based approach. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire. Results This study included 1,000 participants. Most participants were males, aged 18-29 years, with 51.1% (n = 511) having at least a bachelor's education. The media (n = 341, 34.1%) and relatives/friends (n = 336, 33.6%) were common sources of glaucoma information. Among all participants, 58.5% (n = 585) had heard of glaucoma, and many were uncertain about glaucoma's definition and normal eye pressure values. About 63.1% (n = 631) believed in a cure, and 43.1% thought vision loss could be restored. Gender, education, and family history significantly influenced awareness. Closed-angle glaucoma (n = 297, 29.7%) and open-angle glaucoma (n = 231, 23.1%) were recognized types, with surgery (n = 371, 37.1%) and laser treatment (n = 274, 27.4%) perceived as potential cures. Conclusions This study revealed glaucoma awareness among adults in Taif City. Gender, education, and family history played significant roles in shaping awareness levels. There is a need for targeted educational efforts to improve knowledge about glaucoma in the community.