Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on T-Cell Sub-population Profile in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Infected Patients

Abstract

The range of T cell abnormalities in advanced HIV-1 infection treatment is broad. The defects are both quantitative and qualitative and affect virtually every limb of the immune system. Beyond the precise measurement of naive T cells (CD45RA+CCR7+CD27+CD28+), the differential expression of different molecules on T cell allows the distinction between numerous subsets of resting or antigen-experienced T cells on the treatment. However, in spite of intense investigation, the mechanisms underlying highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) –induce immune reconstitution remain to be fully characterized. HAART treatment induced changes in the peripheral distribution of naïve (CD45RA+ CD62L+) and memory CD45RA- CD62L+) cells, CCR5, CXCR4-, CD95- expressing T cells, T-reg cells and on gamma delta (ϒδ) T cells. As a concluding remark prolonged suppression of plasma viral load ( pVL) by HAART improves not only ɑβ T-cell function but also ϒδ T-cell reactivity, and it is strongly recommended that once started the treatment, sever immunocompromized patient should continue the treatment for long time.