Kidney function and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese cats

Abstract

Background: In people, obesity and prediabetes mellitus might predispose to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aims: To assess the association of overweight [Body condition score (BCS) >5] and glucose metabolism alterations, with established or potential markers of CKD. In addition, fructosamine and fasted blood glucose were compared as predictors of early abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods: 54 clinically healthy cats were included in a cross-sectional study comprising 25 neutered males and 29 (28 neutered) females aged 7.2 (5.5–9.4) years. Two potential markers of CKD, namely urinary free active transforming growth factor-β1-creatinine ratio and urinary retinol binding protein-creatinine ratio were measured along with other parameters to assess CKD. A receiver operating curve was used to identify the best sensitivity and specificity of fructosamine to identify cats with fasting glucose >6.5 mmol/L. Results: No association was found between BCS and markers of CKD. Fructosamine was greater in cats with fasting glucose >6.5 mmol/L compared to those with fasting glucose ≤6.5 mmol/L. A fructosamine concentration ≥250 µmol/L was able to detect cats with hyperglycemia with a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 65%. Furthermore, fructosamine was more strongly correlated with fasting glucose than albumin-corrected fructosamine (r = 0.43, p = 0.002 vs r = 0.32, p = 0.026). Cats with higher fructosamine had lower serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations. Conclusion: The present study does not suggest an effect of obesity on renal function in domestic cats. Clinical relevance: Fructosamine might be of value for the diagnosis of prediabetes mellitus in cats.