Pengaruh Penggantian Kateter Intravena dan Set Infus Terhadap Terjadinya Phlebitis

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemasangan infus adalah prosedur umum pada pasien di rumah sakit dimana komplikasi yang umum terjadi adalah phlebitis. Tujuan penelitian: menganalisis pengaruh penggantian kateter intravena (iv) dan set infus terhadap kejadian phlebitis. Metode: penelitian kuantitatif, desain Kohort, sampel sebanyak 247 diambil secara purposif, pasien dewasa yang terpasang infus perifer dirawat di RS Sint Carolus Jakarta pada Bulan November 2016.. Dilakukan pengamatan tusukan infus sejak pemasangan sampai pencabutan oleh peneliti dan dua orang asisten. Data dikumpulkan dengan melihat rekam medis untuk melihat karakteristik pasien dan lembar observasi dan VIP score (Visual infusion phlebitis score). Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah kendall-tau-C dan kendall-tau-B dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil: Kejadian phelebitis 5,3%. Analisis bivariate Kendal’s tau C menunjukkanada hubungan pemberian terapi iv bolus (p=0,03), lama pemasangan kateter iv (p=0,00) terhadap terjadinya phlebitis (p<0,05). Uji regresi logistik didapatkan variabel independen memberikan kontribusi kejadian phlebitis sebesar 24,5%. Uji probabilitas disimpulkan responden yang tidak diganti tusukan infus rutin dan set drip secara rutin berisiko phlebitis sebesar 100%. Diskusi: Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan pentingnya penggantian kateter intravena perifer dan penggantian set infus untuk pemberian terapi drip secara rutin untuk mencegah terjadinya phlebitis. Kesimpulan: penelitian lebih lanjut menganalisis faktor risiko phlebitis di luar faktor yang telah diteliti seperti faktor tetesan dan ketrampilan perawat dalam pemasangan infus.Kata kunci: Kateter Intravena, phlebitis, set infusEFFECT OF REPLACEMENT OF INTRAVENOUS CATHETER AND INFUSION SET ON PHLEBITIS ABSTRACTInfusion is a common procedure in patients in hospitals in which the most common complication is phlebitis. Objective: To analyze the effect of the replacement of intravenous catheter (iv) and infusion set on the incidence ofphlebitis. Methods: This research is quantitative with cohort design. 247 samples were takenpurposively, consisting of adult patients receiving peripheral infusions treated at Saint Carolus Hospital of Jakarta in November 2016. The researcher and two assistants observed infusion punctures from insertion until extraction. Data were collected by reading medical records to see patient characteristics and observation sheets and VIP (Visual infusion phlebitis) score. The statistical test used Kendall’ tau-C and Kendall’s tau-B with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: the incidence of phlebitis was 5.3%. The results of bivariate analysis using Kendal’s tau-C showed that there was a correlation between iv bolus therapy (p=0.03), iv catheter insertion time (p=0.00) to incidence of phlebitis (p<0.05). The logistic regression test found that the independent variables contributed to the incidence of phlebitis by 24.5%. the probability test concluded that respondents whose infusion puncture and set drip were not regularly replaced had a risk of phlebitis by 100%. Discussion: The results of this research concluded the importance of replacing peripheral intravenous catheter and replacing infusion sets for drip therapy regularly in order to prevent phlebitis. Conclusion: Further research is recommended to analyze the risk factors for phlebitis beyond the factors that have been investigated such as droplet factors and nurses’ skills in infusion insertion.Keywords: Intravenous catheter, phlebitis, infusion set