Artificial intelligence in hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery - promises and perils

Abstract

Research and development in artificial intelligence (AI) has been experiencing a resurgence over the past decade. The rapid growth and evolution of AI approaches can leave one feeling overwhelmed and confused about how these technologies will impact hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) surgery, the obstacles to its clinical translation, and the role that HPB surgeons can play in accelerating AI’s development and ultimate clinical impact. This review outlines some of the basic terminology and current approaches in surgical AI, obstacles to further development and translation of AI, and how HPB surgeons can influence its future in surgery.